The Nuestra Señora del Patrocinio de Maria Parish Church (Our Lady of Patronage of Mary Parish Church), commonly known as Boljoon Church, is a Roman Catholic Church dedicated to the Our Lady of Patrocinio in the municipality of Boljoon, Cebu, Philippines, under the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cebu.It has been declared a National Cultural Treasure by the National Museum of the Philippines and a National Historical Landmark by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines. It is also under consideration for the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of the Philippinesas a member of the Baroque Churches of the Philippines (Extension).Boljoon (also spelled Boljo-on) began as a small Christian settlement named Nabulho.It became a visita of Carcar in 1599, and a small chapel was placed under the advocacy of the Blessed Virgin Mary. It was elevated to a parish on October 31, 1690, based on the decision of Father Francisco de Zamora, Provincial of the Augustinians, as a result of the increasing number of Christians in the area.
The decision was implemented upon the appointment of Father Nicolás de la Cuadra as its first parish priest on April 5, 1692. As early as 1732, the Augustinians proposed to leave Boljoon, owing to a shortage of priests they eventually left on September 27, 1737. Administration of Boljoon was later transferred to the Jesuits. The Augustinians returned to Boljoon in 1747 in exchange for Liloan, Cotcot and Maraling from the Jesuits.In 1782, earlier buildings in Boljoon were destroyed by pirates.The present church of Boljoon was built by Augustinian priest Father Ambrosio Otero in 1783.[6] Construction of the church was continued by Father Manuel Cordero in 1794 and completed by Father Julián Bermejo in 1841.Father Bermejo also built other structures as part of Boljoon's defense network, such as the watchtowers and blockhouse. The church was later restored by Father Leandro Morán, the last Augustinian priest of Boljoon, who served from 1920 to 1948.The following year, the Archdiocese of Cebu took charge of Boljoon.Father Zacarias Suñer was appointed as the first secular parish priest of Boljoon in 1958.
In 2007, restoration work was performed through the Boljoon Heritage Foundation, with funding from the Cebu Provincial Government.The church is a fortress church, built of coral stones and located on a hill near the sea. It originally served as a watchtower for possible Moro raids. The church is known for its original terra cotta roof tiles and its distinct folk art or Filipino Baroque style, predominantly on its choir screen and pulpit.Twenty-eight pillars support the 2-metre (6.6 ft) thick walls made of mortar and lime. Its ceiling paintings are the work of Miguel Villareal, a native of Boljoon. The three gates and the walls of the church are made of coral stones and were constructed from 1802 to 1808 under the auspices of Father Bermejo.The main retablo is in pseudo-baroque rococo with gold leaf highlights and polychrome accents.
Located on the central niche of the main altar is the image of Boljoon's patron, Our Lady of Patrocinio, brought by Father Bartolome de Garcia from Spain in 1599. A side chapel located on the left side of the church is also dedicated to the patron.Also called the fortress or Dakong Balay (Big House), the quandrangular blockhouse was first built by Father Julian Bermejo when he came to Boljoon in 1808.The 120-by-80-metre (390 ft × 260 ft) blockhouse served as an artillery store and as the main fortress in the church complex. It is a two-story structure with a tile-covered parapet, built of coral stone with a tiled roof. Today it serves as a bell tower.The first burials in Boljoon's cemetery probably occurred in the 1760s. It was closed when a public cemetery was opened. Its gates might have been built in the 1700s, or in 1783 when the present church was constructed. Consisting of coral stones, the cemetery has a symmetrical stone arch gateway with a three-layer pediment, finials on both sides of the two-lower layers and a stone relief of a human skeleton on top.
The walls are also adorned with a relief of a human skull and bones. As part of the defense network of the church against pirates, Fr. Bermejo also built structures such as watchtowers and blockhouse.The rectangular bell tower used to have seven bells. The tower’s ground floor was used as a prison cell, probably for pirates as can be assumed from the drawings of ships on the walls.The Blockhouse which measures 120-by-80-metre (390 ft × 260 ft) has a two-story structure with a tile-covered parapet, built of coral stone with a tiled roof.
The church plaza is mainly used for large church activities. It is believed to be a former burial ground.Archaeological excavations undertaken by the University of San Carlos revealed several burial sites, antique jars and dishes, a necklace and a gold earring. It was concluded that the site could possibly be an early Hispanic burial site.The gold earring, the first archaeological find of its kind in a Philippine burial site, is believed to have been worn by a person of high status and may have indicated “wealth, influence or great power”.The church building has 28 pillars supported by the 2-metre (6.6 ft) thick walls made of mortar and lime. Its ceiling paintings are the work of Miguel Villareal, a native of Boljoon. The three gates and the walls of the church are made of coral stones and were constructed from 1802 to 1808 under the auspices of Father Bermejo.
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